கர்நாடக மாநிலம், மராத்தி நாட்டின் தென் பகுதியில் பேசப்படும் மொழி
கன்னட மொழி ஆகும். கருநாடகம் என்றும், கானரிஸ் என்றும் கூறுவர். ஏறத்தாழ இரண்டு கோடி மக்கள் கன்னட மொழி பேசுகின்றனர்.
கர்நாடகம் என்னும் வடசொல் திரிந்து, கன்னடம் என்றானது என்பர் வடநூலார். ‘கன்னடம்’ என்பது ‘திராவிடச் சொல்’ என்பார் டாக்டர் குண்டர்ட். கன்னடத்தில், பழங்கன்னடம், புதுக் கன்னடம் என்னும் இரு வகை உள்ளன. புதுக் கன்னடத்தின் எழுத்து முறை தெலுங்கு மொழியின் எழுத்து முறையை ஒட்டி அமைந்துள்ளது என்பார் ஏ.எஸ். ஆச்சார்யா. அவர் பல ஆய்வுகள் செய்துள்ளார்.
எச்.எஸ். பிலிகிரி (H.S. Biligiri) கன்னட மொழியின் ஒலியன்களைப் பற்றி ஆராய்ந்துள்ளார். கன்னட மொழியின் வட்டார வழக்குகளில் ஒன்று தேவாங்கா கன்னடம் ஆகும்.
தமிழகத்தில் உள்ள சின்னாளப்பட்டி, அருப்புக்கோட்டை பகுதிகளில் வாழும் தேவாங்கா செட்டியார் தேவாங்கா கன்னடம் பேசுகின்றனர். தமிழ்ச் சொற்களை ஏற்று, தமிழுடன் நெருங்கிய தொடர்பு உடையதாக இம்மொழி உள்ளது. மைசூர்ப் பகுதியிலுள்ள கன்னட மொழியிலிருந்து தேவாங்கக் கன்னடம் வேறுபடுகிறது.
கன்னடத்தின் மற்றொரு வட்டார வழக்கு கௌடா கன்னடம் ஆகும். இதில் 14 உயிரொலிகள் (9 குறில் 5 நெடில்) 22 மெய் ஒலிகள் உள்ளன என்று டாக்டர் கே. குசலப்பா கௌடா குறிப்பிடுவார். கர்நாடகத்தின் தென் பகுதியிலும், கூர்க் மாவட்டத்திலும் வாழும் கௌடர்கள் பேசும் மொழி கௌடா கன்னடம் ஆகும்.
1968 இல் கன்னட மொழியை ஆராய்ந்த போசிரியர் உபாத்தியாயா கன்னட மொழியின் நான்கு வட்டார வழக்குகளை ஒப்பிட்டு ஆய்ந்துள்ளார். கன்னட மொழியின் பேச்சு வடிவம் பற்றிப் பேராசிரியர் வில்லியம் பிரைட் (William Bright) விரிவாக ஆய்வு செய்துள்ளார்.
நன்றி.
திரு. தியாகராஜன். A
Geographic Distribution of DEEVANGAS
People of the same caste have different names in different
states; Devangas are found in the states of Assam, UP, MP, HP, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Andhrapradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Today many
languages are spoken by Devanga people. Accordingly, they call themselves as
Kannada Devanga and Telugu Devanga.There is no Tamil Devanga as such. Some even
speak Marathi in parts of Maharastra. Devangas are found in most of the Indian
states.
There is also a large Kannada speaking community of Devangas
in Tamil Nadu mainly based near the cities of Chinnalapatti, T.Kunnathur,
Salem, Theni, Bodinayakanur,Kambam, Tirupur, Coimbatore, Mettupalayam,
Coimbatore, Komarapalayam, Pallipalayam,Erode, Dindugal, Aruppukottai,
Sulakkarai, Madurai,sankaralingapuram, Chennai and Virudhunagar.
In Kerala, Kannada Devangas are concentrated in a few villages ,prominently in Kuthampally (Thrissur dist), also in villages ,Karimpuzha, Kallanchira, Vallangi- Nemmara, all in Palghat dist, in pockets of Chittur (Palghat dist)& Kasaragode towns.
In Karnataka they are predominantly present in Kollegal, Dodda Ballapur, Bangalore,Mangalore and Mysore. As per information passed from their ancestors, it was said that they had migrated from Mysore zone, when these areas were under the rule of King Chikka Chamaraja Wadayar of Mysore (around 1660 CE). The migration is said to be due to incompatible sultanate culture and the bitter experiences the community faced in the Vijayanagara empire (1560 AD). These migrations took place in batches after batches, which has branched itself; some on the northern side of the Kaveri River, some on the southern side of the Kaveri and some towards the western coasts, including the present regions of south-western Karnataka and northern Kerala, looking for culturally safe and protective settlement. The high influence of local social structures, local languages, and lack of Kannada literacy has brought in many variations, including the accent among many groups. Their kula devatha(family deity) is Goddess Chamundeshwari, which is also the family deity of the Mysore dynasty.
In Kerala, Kannada Devangas are concentrated in a few villages ,prominently in Kuthampally (Thrissur dist), also in villages ,Karimpuzha, Kallanchira, Vallangi- Nemmara, all in Palghat dist, in pockets of Chittur (Palghat dist)& Kasaragode towns.
In Karnataka they are predominantly present in Kollegal, Dodda Ballapur, Bangalore,Mangalore and Mysore. As per information passed from their ancestors, it was said that they had migrated from Mysore zone, when these areas were under the rule of King Chikka Chamaraja Wadayar of Mysore (around 1660 CE). The migration is said to be due to incompatible sultanate culture and the bitter experiences the community faced in the Vijayanagara empire (1560 AD). These migrations took place in batches after batches, which has branched itself; some on the northern side of the Kaveri River, some on the southern side of the Kaveri and some towards the western coasts, including the present regions of south-western Karnataka and northern Kerala, looking for culturally safe and protective settlement. The high influence of local social structures, local languages, and lack of Kannada literacy has brought in many variations, including the accent among many groups. Their kula devatha(family deity) is Goddess Chamundeshwari, which is also the family deity of the Mysore dynasty.
Also, in Karnataka a Malayali weavers' caste called Chaliya
officially identifies itself as Devanga. However, culturally they differ
completely from Kannada Devangas as the later is patriarchal and Chaliyas are
matrilineal and primarily goddess worshipers.
Some of the prominent sub sects are Laddigars, Yenthelars,
Balilars, Kappelars, Iremaneru, Kal Kotlars, Chinnu Kotlars, Kanjil Kudithars,
Segunthalars,Ampukollars, Sevvelars....
Some of the Devanga's (Sects like Balilars, Kappelars -
Ship-goers) were traders. Some of them were tax-collectors in Kollegal during
Tipu Sultan Days. This association could be the reason that the Chowdeshwari
temples Kalasams have a half moon and a star.
Even though the community is supposed to be vegetarian,
nowadays most of them are non-vegetarians.
It is also understood that, possibly the Devanga's are
settlers from the North West and probably non Hindu with links to Judaism (fire
God worship).
Like in old days men are married at a very late age, like
30. Women attain good education even today, hence the family have good growth.
Some schools in Tamilnadu were constructed by Devanga
community people and even today associations (Narpani Mandrams) of youngsters
are running good schools.
Thanks For
Thiru. Thiyaga Rajan. A
Thanks For
Thiru. Thiyaga Rajan. A